Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a man of many talents, with interests that spanned across biology, physics, botany, and even science fiction. Born in Munshiganj, Bengal Presidency in 1858, Bose went on to become a major force behind the expansion of experimental science on the Indian subcontinent.

Despite facing racial discrimination and a lack of funding and equipment, Bose carried on with his scientific research at the Presidency College of the University of Calcutta, where he was a professor of physics. He made pioneering discoveries in the field of plant physiology, using his own invention, the crescograph, to measure plant response to various stimuli. He also proved parallelism between animal and plant tissues, filing for a patent for one of his inventions because of peer pressure, even though he was generally critical of the patent system.

Bose was also a pioneer in the investigation of radio microwave optics, making significant contributions to botany. He was the first to use semiconductor junctions to detect radio waves and established the Bose Institute, a premier research institute in India and one of its oldest. Established in 1917, the institute was the first interdisciplinary research center in Asia, and Bose served as its Director from its inception until his death.

Apart from his scientific achievements, Bose is considered the father of Bengali science fiction, having written many science fiction stories during his lifetime. In a 2004 BBC poll to name the Greatest Bengali of all time, Bose placed seventh, a testament to his contribution to science and literature.

Bose spent the last years of his life in Giridih, where he lived in a house located near Jhanda Maidan. This building was named Jagdish Chandra Bose Smriti Vigyan Bhavan and was inaugurated on 28 February 1997 by the then Governor of Bihar AR Kidwai. Today, Bose's legacy lives on through his inventions, research, and contributions to science fiction, inspiring generations of scientists and thinkers.

Early life and education

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a scientist, physicist, botanist, and writer who made significant contributions to the fields of radio and microwave optics, plant physiology, and biophysics. He was born on November 30, 1858, in Munsiganj, Bengal Presidency, present-day Bangladesh. Bose grew up in a family that valued education, culture, and social equality. His father, Bhagawan Chandra Bose, was a civil servant and a member of the Brahmo Samaj, a reformist movement that aimed to promote monotheism, social reform, and gender equality.

Bose received his early education in a vernacular school, where he learned to appreciate his native language and culture. He played with children from different backgrounds, including Muslims and fishermen, who shared their stories and knowledge of nature with him. These early experiences had a profound impact on Bose's worldview, as he developed a keen interest in science and a strong sense of social justice.

Bose continued his education at the Hare School and St. Xavier's School in Kolkata, where he excelled in science and mathematics. He passed the entrance examination of the University of Calcutta in 1875 and was admitted to St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, where he met Father Eugene Lafont, a Jesuit priest who encouraged him to pursue his interest in natural sciences. Bose graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Calcutta in 1879 and wanted to join the Indian Civil Service, following in his father's footsteps. However, his father encouraged him to become a scholar who would "rule nobody but himself."

Bose went to England to study medicine at the University of London but had to quit due to allergies and ill health, possibly caused by the chemicals used in the dissection rooms. He then turned to the study of natural sciences and was admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge, on the recommendation of his brother-in-law, Anandamohan Bose, who was the first Indian Wrangler at Cambridge. Bose studied under prominent scientists such as Lord Rayleigh, Michael Foster, James Dewar, Francis Darwin, and Sidney Vines, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cambridge and a Bachelor of Science degree from the University College London affiliated with the University of London.

Bose's research focused on the properties of electromagnetic waves and their applications in telecommunication and wireless technology. He invented the first wireless detection device, which he called the "coherer," and demonstrated that radio waves could travel through walls and solid objects. Bose also conducted pioneering experiments on plant physiology and biophysics, using his expertise in optics and electromagnetic radiation to study the response of plants to various stimuli, such as light, heat, and chemicals. His discoveries challenged the prevailing view that plants were passive and unresponsive to their environment and laid the foundations for the modern field of plant neurobiology.

Bose was not only a brilliant scientist but also a passionate advocate for social justice and human rights. He was deeply committed to the cause of Indian independence and spoke out against colonialism and racism. He also supported women's education and empowerment and was married to Abala Bose, a feminist and social worker who founded the Women's Education Society in Kolkata.

Jagadish Chandra Bose's life and work are an inspiration to all who seek to use science and technology for the betterment of humanity and the protection of the natural world. His legacy continues to influence generations of scientists, scholars, and activists who strive to create a more just and sustainable world.

Professorship at Presidency College

Professor Jagadish Chandra Bose was a pioneer in the field of physics and plant physiology, whose contributions to science have left an indelible mark on the world. Born on November 30, 1858, in Mymensingh, Bengal (now Bangladesh), Bose obtained his education in England, where he earned a degree from the University of Cambridge. Upon his return to India, Bose faced discrimination and prejudice due to his race and nationality, but he persevered and became one of the most respected scientists of his time.

Bose's appointment as an officiating professor of physics at Presidency College in Kolkata was a significant milestone in his career. In those days, such positions were usually reserved for Europeans, and Indian professors were paid a fraction of the salary of their European counterparts. However, Bose's reputation as a brilliant scientist and his connection to Lord Ripon, the Viceroy of India, helped him secure the post. Despite facing opposition from the college's principal and director of education, Bose took up his post in January of 1885.

As a protest against the discriminatory pay structure, Bose refused to accept his salary and worked without remuneration for the first three years at Presidency College. This act of defiance earned him the respect and admiration of his students, who appreciated his dedication and passion for teaching. Bose's teaching style was unconventional and engaging, and he was known for his innovative demonstrations of physics experiments. He abolished the traditional roll call and encouraged his students to engage in active learning.

Bose's hard work and commitment to excellence eventually paid off, and his appointment was made permanent, with retrospective effect. He received his full pay for the last three years in a lump sum, which was a significant achievement for an Indian professor at that time. However, conflicting reports suggest that his appointment was made permanent eight years after his joining the college.

Bose's research was not limited to physics but extended to plant physiology as well. He conducted numerous experiments to study the response of plants to various stimuli, and his findings challenged the prevailing notion that plants were unresponsive and devoid of feelings. Bose's pioneering work in this field paved the way for future research and established him as a respected authority in plant physiology.

Bose's commitment to his research was evident in his willingness to fund his projects with his own money. He also received funding and support from Sister Nivedita, a social activist and a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. Bose's collaboration with Nivedita resulted in several research projects that explored the intersection of science and spirituality.

Microwave radio research

The groundbreaking work of Indian physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose in the field of radio research paved the way for many significant technological advancements in the years to come. Bose’s interest in radio began after reading the work of British physicist Oliver Lodge, who demonstrated how to transmit and detect radio waves in 1894. Bose began conducting his own research in the new field that same year, focusing on the light-like properties of radio waves.

However, Bose initially faced resistance from his department at Presidency College in Kolkata, where he was a teacher. Despite giving 26 hours of lectures each week, Bose’s colleagues felt he should focus solely on teaching and that research would distract him from his duties. When interest was generated in the wider scientific community, the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal proposed a research post to help Bose, but the scheme was withdrawn when Bose voted against the government’s stance during a university meeting.

Despite these setbacks, Bose continued to submit his research findings to scientific societies. His second paper, “On a new electro-polariscope,” was published by The Electrician in December 1895 and described Bose's plans for a coherer, a device used to receive radio waves. The paper was well received, and The Englishman noted that if Bose were to patent and perfect his coherer, it could revolutionize the system of coast lighting throughout the navigable world.

Bose demonstrated the potential of his research in November 1895, when he showed how millimeter-range microwaves could travel through the human body and through walls over a distance of 23 meters. Bose was eventually given a six-month scientific deputation to Europe, where he met Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi and received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of London.

In 1899, Bose announced the development of an "iron-mercury-iron coherer with telephone detector" in a paper presented at the Royal Society, London. Bose’s work in radio research laid the foundation for many future developments in wireless communication, and his contributions to science were crucial in the advancement of technology.

Place in radio development

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a pioneer in the field of radio development. His work in radio microwave optics was focused on understanding the nature of the phenomenon rather than developing radio as a communication medium. However, his experiments, which took place in the late 19th century, were significant in influencing other inventors who were trying to develop radio as a means of communication.

Bose was the first to use a semiconductor junction to detect radio waves and invented various microwave components that are now commonplace. In 1954, Pearson and Brattain gave priority to Bose for the use of a semi-conducting crystal as a detector of radio waves. However, further work at millimeter wavelengths was almost non-existent for the following 50 years.

Bose's research, which he carried out in Kolkata at millimeter wavelengths, was described to the Royal Institution in London in 1897. He used various equipment, including waveguides, horn antennas, dielectric lenses, and semiconductors at frequencies as high as 60 GHz. Much of his original equipment is still in existence, particularly at the Bose Institute in Kolkata.

Bose's work has had a lasting impact on the field of radio development. A 1.3 mm multi-beam receiver that is now in use on the NRAO 12 Metre Telescope in Arizona incorporates concepts from his original 1897 papers. Sir Nevill Mott, Nobel Laureate in 1977 for his contributions to solid-state electronics, remarked that "J.C. Bose was at least 60 years ahead of his time. In fact, he had anticipated the existence of P-type and N-type semiconductors."

Despite his significant contributions to the field of radio development, Bose was not interested in patenting his work. He openly revealed the operation of his galena crystal detector in his lectures and only took out a US patent on the insistence of a friend. He did not actively pursue it and allowed it to lapse. Bose's focus was on advancing scientific knowledge and not on commercial gain.

Plant research

Jagadish Chandra Bose, an Indian physicist and biologist, made significant contributions in the field of plant research during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His research on Mimosa pudica and Desmodium gyrans plants revolutionized the understanding of the electrical nature of plant stimuli.

One of his most notable contributions was his discovery of the electrical nature of the conduction of various stimuli in plants, which was previously thought to be of a chemical nature. Through his experiments, he demonstrated that electrical signals, similar to those in the nervous system of animals, were involved in the response of plants to various stimuli.

Bose also invented a torsional recorder to understand the heliotropic movements of plants, which refers to the movement of a plant towards a light source. He found that when light was applied to one side of a sunflower, turgor increased on the opposite side, supporting the idea that electrical signals were involved in the plant's response to light.

In addition to his work on electrical signals in plants, Bose was also the first to study the effects of microwaves on plant tissues and corresponding changes in the cell membrane potential. His research on the seasonal effect on plants, the effect of chemical inhibitors on plant stimuli, and the effect of temperature further advanced the understanding of plant physiology.

Bose's contributions to the field of plant research were groundbreaking and helped pave the way for future advancements in the field. His work on electrical signals in plants demonstrated the complexity of plant physiology and paved the way for further research in the field of biophysics. Today, Bose is widely recognized as a pioneer in the field of plant research and his work continues to inspire scientists around the world.

Study of metal fatigue and cell response

In the world of materials science, the study of metal fatigue has always been a topic of great interest. But what if there was more to the story? In 1907, Indian physicist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose performed a comparative study of the fatigue response of various metals and organic tissue in plants. His findings would later have significant implications for both materials science and biology.

Bose's experiments involved subjecting metals to a combination of mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrical stimuli. He then compared the fatigue response of the metals to that of living plant cells. What he found was surprising: there were similarities between metals and cells in terms of their cyclical fatigue response.

This cyclical fatigue response was also observed across multiple types of stimuli in both living cells and metals. Interestingly, Bose documented a characteristic electrical response curve of plant cells to electrical stimulus. He noted that this response decreased and eventually disappeared in plants treated with anaesthetics or poison. The response was also absent in zinc treated with oxalic acid.

But perhaps the most intriguing observation Bose made was the similarity in reduction of elasticity between cooled metal wires and organic cells. This impact on the recovery cycle period of the metal was also noted.

What does this all mean? Bose's findings suggest that there may be a deeper connection between materials science and biology than we previously thought. The cyclical fatigue response observed in both metals and cells could point to a shared mechanism at the cellular level. Further research could shed light on this mechanism and potentially lead to new insights and applications in both fields.

Bose's study is a testament to the importance of interdisciplinary research. By thinking outside the box and exploring the connections between seemingly unrelated fields, we can uncover new knowledge and make breakthrough discoveries.

Science fiction

Science fiction, as a genre, has always been a fascinating realm for the creative minds. It opens up possibilities that are beyond the realm of our current reality, and imagines a future that may or may not exist. However, science fiction is not just limited to contemporary times. The genre has existed for centuries, and in fact, one of the first works of Bengali science fiction was written way back in 1896.

The author of this work was none other than Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, a polymath who is widely known for his contribution to the field of science. Bose wrote a short story called Niruddesher Kahini (The Story of the Missing One) that was later expanded and added to Abyakta (অব্যক্ত) collection in 1921 with the new title Palatak Tuphan (Runaway Cyclone).

Palatak Tuphan is an interesting read that showcases Bose's imaginative prowess. The story is about a runaway cyclone that is so powerful that it can even destroy mountains. However, the protagonist, a scientist, discovers a way to capture the cyclone's energy and harness it for human use. The story is not just about science and technology, but also about the potential consequences of our actions.

What makes Palatak Tuphan significant is that it was one of the first works of Bengali science fiction. Bose was a pioneer in this field, and his work paved the way for future authors to explore this genre further. His contribution to science and literature is immense, and he continues to inspire generations even today.

Bose Institute

The Bose Institute, founded by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose in 1917, has become one of the oldest and most prestigious research institutes in India. Bose was a renowned physicist and biologist who was instrumental in the development of wireless communication, microwave technology, and plant physiology.

The Bose Institute was established in Kolkata, West Bengal, and Bose served as its Director until his death in 1937. Bose's inaugural address emphasized the importance of scientific inquiry and the power of physical methods to reveal the truth about the natural world.

Bose's dedication to the study of science was not always well-received in India, where metaphysical speculations were more commonly pursued. However, Bose believed that the Indian mind was capable of rigorous scientific inquiry and set out to establish the necessary infrastructure for research and experimentation.

Today, the Bose Institute is a public research institution that conducts cutting-edge research in a wide range of fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and biotechnology. The Institute is home to several research centers and departments, each with its own areas of expertise.

The Bose Institute has played a vital role in the advancement of science in India and has contributed significantly to the global scientific community. The Institute's research has led to groundbreaking discoveries in areas such as plant physiology, solid-state physics, and biomolecular structure.

Personal views

Philosophical views

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a renowned physicist, biologist and botanist who made significant contributions to the field of science. However, his personal views and philosophical outlook on life are equally noteworthy.

As a child, Bose was deeply influenced by the character of Karna, a figure from the Indian epic, Mahabharata. Karna was known for his unwavering commitment to fairness and justice, even in the face of defeat and disappointment. Bose admired this trait in Karna and believed that it was the key to true success in life.

For Bose, the story of Karna was a metaphor for the struggles of his own father, who fought tirelessly for the upliftment of the people but often faced failure and disappointment. Bose believed that the true measure of success lay not in material achievements, but in the willingness to fight fairly and never resort to crooked ways.

Bose's philosophy was rooted in the idea of spiritual advancement through struggle and defeat. He believed that it was through the trials and tribulations of life that one could truly grow and develop as a person. He saw the pursuit of worldly success as a shallow and meaningless pursuit, and instead advocated for a life of integrity, honesty and fairness.

Bose's personal views and philosophical outlook on life were shaped by his upbringing and cultural heritage. He saw himself as part of a noble tradition that valued moral principles and ethical conduct above all else. His commitment to these values was reflected in his scientific work, which was guided by a deep sense of respect for the natural world and a desire to use science for the betterment of humanity.

The legacy of Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose and the Bose Institute continues to inspire young scientists in India and around the world. The Institute remains committed to advancing scientific knowledge and pushing the boundaries of human understanding.

Legacy and honors

Jagadish Chandra Bose, the renowned Indian physicist and biologist, has been an instrumental figure in the fields of radio communication and biophysics. Bose's pioneering work has paved the way for numerous technological advancements, with many of his instruments still in use today.

One of Bose's most significant contributions to science was the discovery of millimetre length electromagnetic waves. This breakthrough helped lay the groundwork for modern radio communication technology. Bose's work in this field was recognized in 2012, when it was designated an IEEE Milestone in Electrical and Computer Engineering, making it the first such recognition of an Indian discovery.

Bose was also a pioneer in the field of biophysics. He conducted research on plant stimuli and demonstrated that plants respond to various external stimuli in a manner similar to animal muscle tissue. This research has since led to significant advancements in the field of botany and plant biology.

The legacy of Jagadish Chandra Bose lives on through the numerous honors and awards that have been bestowed upon him. In 1958, the JBNSTS scholarship program was established in West Bengal to commemorate his birth centenary. In the same year, India issued a postage stamp bearing his portrait.

Bose's experimental work in millimetre-band radio was recognized in 2012 as an IEEE Milestone in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and in 2016, he was celebrated in a Google Doodle on the 158th anniversary of his birth.

Most recently, Bose has been nominated for inclusion on the redesign of the 50 UK Pound currency note. His pioneering work on Wifi technology has earned him a place among the nominees for this prestigious honor.

Bose's work continues to be celebrated and recognized globally, and his contributions to science and technology will undoubtedly continue to inspire future generations of scientists and innovators.

Honors

In 1903, Jagadish Chandra Bose was honored as a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) at the 1903 Durbar Honours. This was just the beginning of his numerous honors and accolades. He was also made a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) in 1912, which is one of the highest civilian honors in India.

In 1917, Jagadish Chandra Bose was knighted as a Knight Bachelor for his services to the field of science. He was also elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1920, which is a prestigious honor awarded to scientists who have made significant contributions to the advancement of science.

Jagadish Chandra Bose's work was also recognized internationally, and he was made a member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences in 1928. He was also a member of the League of Nations' Committee for Intellectual Cooperation from 1924 to 1931, which shows his global impact and recognition.

Jagadish Chandra Bose was not only a scientist but also a leader in the scientific community. He served as the President of the 14th session of the Indian Science Congress in 1927. He was also a founding fellow of the National Institute of Sciences of India, which is now known as the Indian National Science Academy.

In addition to these honors, Jagadish Chandra Bose was also a member of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters in 1929. His work was widely recognized and appreciated, and he inspired many scientists and researchers with his groundbreaking discoveries.

Legacy

Bose's legacy continues to be celebrated today in various ways. In recognition of his contributions, the J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology in Faridabad, Haryana, was named after him. The university was established in 1969 and is known for its strong focus on research and innovation.

Another notable tribute to Bose is the renaming of the Indian Botanic Garden in Kolkata. The garden was officially renamed as the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden on 25 June 2009, in honour of the scientist's pioneering work in the field of botany. The garden is one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in the world, with a rich collection of plant species from India and other parts of the world.

In 2004, Bose was also ranked number 7 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time, a testament to the impact of his contributions on the scientific community and society as a whole. His work paved the way for new discoveries and advancements in various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and telecommunications.

Bose's legacy serves as an inspiration to future generations of scientists and innovators, reminding us of the importance of curiosity, perseverance, and a commitment to pushing the boundaries of knowledge. As we continue to face new challenges and opportunities in the world today, his work remains relevant and impactful, shaping the way we live and interact with the world around us.

Publications

Bose's research focused on the study of plant and animal physiology, particularly the responses of living organisms to various stimuli. His publications, including papers, books, and other works, have greatly contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in his field.

Bose's research on plant physiology resulted in several significant publications. One of his earliest papers, published in the journal Nature in 1902, explored the relationship between mechanical disturbance in metals and the accompanying electromotive wave in contact with an electrolyte. Another paper published in the Journal de Physique in the same year discussed the electrical response of living organisms to stimulation.

Bose's books on plant physiology were also groundbreaking. In 1902, he published "Response in the Living and Non-living," which explored the similarities in response between living and non-living matter. "Plant response as a means of physiological investigation," published in 1906, discussed the response of plants to various stimuli, such as light and electricity. In 1913, Bose published "Researches on Irritability of Plants," which further explored the mechanisms by which plants respond to stimuli.

Bose's work on plant physiology culminated in his two-volume work "Life Movements in Plants," published in 1918 and 1919. These volumes explored the ways in which plants move and respond to stimuli, including the mechanisms of tropism and growth.

Bose's contributions to the study of animal physiology were no less significant. His book "The Nervous Mechanism of Plants," published in 1926, discussed the ways in which plants respond to stimuli and the mechanisms by which they transmit information. He also explored the motor mechanisms of plants in his book "Motor Mechanism of Plants," published in 1928.

In addition to his research, Bose also published a collection of his physical papers in 1927, which included his most significant works up to that point. He also wrote a book in Bengali called "Abyakta" in 1922, which discussed his philosophical views on the nature of the universe.

Jagadish Chandra Bose's publications have had a profound impact on the study of plant and animal physiology. His groundbreaking research and insightful observations have helped shape our understanding of the mechanisms by which living organisms respond to stimuli. Bose's work continues to be studied and admired by scientists around the world, and his legacy as a pioneer in the field of science remains secure.

FAQ

What did Jagadish Chandra Bose discover?

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a renowned Indian scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of physics, biology, and botany. He is best known for his work in the area of plant physiology and his discovery of the electrical nature of plant tissues.

Bose conducted several experiments to study the response of plants to various stimuli, such as heat, light, and chemicals. He developed a highly sensitive instrument called the crescograph, which could record and amplify the tiny movements of plant tissues in response to these stimuli.

Through his experiments with the crescograph, Bose discovered that plant tissues exhibit electrical properties similar to those of animal tissues. He found that plants have the ability to respond to stimuli with electrical signals, which propagate through the plant's tissues much like nerve impulses in animals.

Bose's discoveries in the field of plant physiology revolutionized the way scientists viewed the plant kingdom. His work paved the way for further research into the electrical and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and development.

Apart from his work in plant physiology, Bose also made important contributions to the field of radio science. He developed several key technologies in the early 20th century, including a wireless telegraphy system that was used to send messages across long distances without the need for wires.

When did Jagadish Chandra Bose got Nobel Prize?

Jagadish Chandra Bose was not awarded the Nobel Prize in his lifetime, despite his significant contributions to science. There are several reasons why Bose was not awarded the Nobel Prize, including the fact that he was not nominated for the prize by any of his contemporaries and that his work was not widely known outside of India.

Despite not receiving the Nobel Prize, Bose was widely recognized for his scientific contributions during his lifetime. He was knighted by the British government in 1917 and was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in London in 1920.

Today, Jagadish Chandra Bose is remembered as one of India's most important scientists and is celebrated for his pioneering work in the fields of plant physiology and radio science. His legacy continues to inspire new generations of scientists and innovators in India and around the world.

Why is Jagadish Chandra Bose famous?

Jagadish Chandra Bose was a famous Indian scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of physics, biology, and botany. He is particularly famous for his work in plant physiology and his discovery of the electrical nature of plant tissues.

Bose conducted a series of experiments to study the response of plants to various stimuli such as heat, light, and chemicals. He developed a highly sensitive instrument called the crescograph, which could record and amplify the tiny movements of plant tissues in response to these stimuli.

What was the conclusion of Jagadish Chandra Bose?

Jagadish Chandra Bose made several important conclusions during his scientific career. His most significant conclusion was that plants have an electrical nature and can respond to various stimuli with electrical signals, much like nerve impulses in animals. This discovery revolutionized the way scientists understood the plant kingdom and paved the way for further research into the electrical and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and development.

Bose also made important contributions to the field of radio science, including the development of key technologies that were used to send wireless messages across long distances. He conducted pioneering research into the properties of electromagnetic waves and made several important discoveries about the way in which they propagate through different media.

What is the relation between Subhash Chandra Bose and Jagadish Chandra Bose?

Subhash Chandra Bose and Jagadish Chandra Bose were not directly related to each other, but they both played significant roles in Indian history and shared the surname Bose.

Subhash Chandra Bose, on the other hand, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader who played a key role in India's struggle for independence from British rule. He was the founder of the Indian National Army, which fought alongside the Japanese during World War II in an effort to secure Indian independence.

Despite the fact that they were not related, both Subhash Chandra Bose and Jagadish Chandra Bose are remembered as important figures in Indian history who made significant contributions to their respective fields. Their legacies continue to inspire and inform new generations of Indians today.

Did JC Bose invented electricity?

Jagadish Chandra Bose did not invent electricity, as electricity was discovered and understood by scientists long before Bose's time. However, Bose did make significant contributions to the understanding of the electrical properties of plant tissues.

Through a series of experiments, Bose discovered that plants have the ability to respond to various stimuli with electrical signals that propagate through their tissues. He found that the electrical properties of plant tissues were similar to those of animal tissues, and that plants could respond to stimuli much like animals do.

Bose's work in this field was groundbreaking and revolutionized the way scientists viewed the plant kingdom. It paved the way for further research into the electrical and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and development.

Did JC Bose invented radio?

Jagadish Chandra Bose did not invent the radio, but he made significant contributions to the development of wireless communication technology.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several scientists were working on the development of wireless telegraphy, which would allow messages to be sent wirelessly across long distances. Bose was one of these scientists, and he made several important contributions to the field.

Bose developed a device called the "coherer," which was a key component of early wireless telegraphy systems. The coherer was a simple, sensitive detector that could pick up radio waves and convert them into electrical signals that could be used to send messages.

Bose's work on the coherer laid the groundwork for further research into wireless communication technology, which eventually led to the development of modern radio systems. While he did not invent the radio itself, his contributions to the development of wireless communication technology were highly significant and continue to inform research in this field today.

Jagadish Chandra Bose