Swami Vivekananda, born Narendranath Datta on January 12, 1863, was a remarkable Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the revered mystic Ramakrishna. His life and teachings left an indelible mark on India and the world, shaping the course of spirituality, interfaith dialogue, and nationalism.
Early Life and Spiritual Quest
- Bengali Roots: Vivekananda hailed from an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family in Calcutta. From a young age, he displayed a deep inclination towards religion and spirituality.
- Encounter with Ramakrishna: His spiritual journey took a momentous turn when he met his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. Under Ramakrishna's guidance, Vivekananda delved into profound spiritual practices and eventually embraced monastic life.
The Quest for Knowledge and Compassion
- Travels Across India: After Ramakrishna's passing, Vivekananda embarked on extensive travels across the Indian subcontinent. He witnessed firsthand the harsh living conditions of the Indian people under British rule.
- Compassion and Resolve: Moved by their plight, Vivekananda resolved to uplift his countrymen. His compassion fueled his determination to find a way to make a difference.
The Impactful Journey to America
- Parliament of Religions: In 1893, Vivekananda traveled to the United States to participate in the Parliament of Religions in Chicago. His famous opening words, "Sisters and brothers of America," resonated deeply as he introduced Hinduism to the Western audience.
- Orator by Divine Right: His impact was profound. An American newspaper hailed him as "an orator by divine right" and the greatest figure at the Parliament.
Disseminating Hindu Philosophy Worldwide
- Lectures Across Continents: Following his success at the Parliament, Vivekananda crisscrossed the United States, England, and Europe, delivering hundreds of lectures. His mission: to disseminate the core tenets of Hindu philosophy.
- Founding Vedanta Societies: Vivekananda established the Vedanta Society of New York and the Vedanta Society of San Francisco (now Vedanta Society of Northern California). These became the bedrock for Vedanta teachings in the West.
Social Reformer and Nationalist
- Ramakrishna Math and Mission: Back in India, Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math, providing spiritual training for monastics, and the Ramakrishna Mission, focused on charity, social work, and education.
- Champion of Nationalism: Vivekananda was not only a spiritual leader but also a major force in contemporary Hindu reform movements. His contributions to the concept of nationalism in colonial India were significant.
Legacy and Influence
- Patriotic Saint: Vivekananda's legacy endures. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern India.
- National Youth Day: India celebrates his birthday as National Youth Day, honoring his vision, compassion, and unwavering commitment to the betterment of humanity.
Early Life of Swami Vivekananda (1863–1888)
Swami Vivekananda, born as Narendranath Datta, came into the world on January 12, 1863, during the Makar Sankranti festival in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British India. His family belonged to the Bengali Kayastha community, and he was one of nine siblings. His father, Vishwanath Datta, served as an attorney at the Calcutta High Court, while his mother, Bhubaneswari Devi, was a devout housewife.
From a young age, Narendranath showed an interest in spirituality. He meditated before images of deities like Shiva, Rama, Sita, and Mahavir Hanuman. His parents often struggled to control his mischievous and restless behavior. His mother once humorously remarked, "I prayed to Shiva for a son, and he has sent me one of his demons."
Narendranath's education was diverse. He attended Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's Metropolitan Institution and later studied at the General Assembly's Institution (now known as the Scottish Church College). His voracious reading habits covered subjects ranging from philosophy and religion to history and social science. He delved into Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas.
His intellectual pursuits extended beyond Indian texts. Narendranath studied Western logic, philosophy, and European history. He explored the works of philosophers like David Hume, Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill. Fascinated by the evolutionism of Herbert Spencer, he even translated Spencer's book "Education" into Bengali.
Narendranath's prodigious memory and speed reading abilities were legendary. He could quote pages from books like "Pickwick Papers" verbatim and astoundingly recall details from Swedish history during an argument with a Swedish national. His intellectual prowess impressed his contemporaries, including William Hastie, the principal of Christian College, Calcutta.
However, Narendranath's quest for spiritual truth led him beyond academic pursuits. His encounter with Ramakrishna, a mystic and saint, marked a turning point. Initially skeptical, Narendranath tested Ramakrishna's ideas but gradually accepted him as his guru. Ramakrishna's teachings emphasized service to humanity as the highest form of worship.
After Ramakrishna's passing, Narendranath founded the Ramakrishna Math, a monastery for his fellow disciples. Their rigorous religious practices at the Baranagar Math included meditation and a strong spirit of detachment. In 1886, Narendranath formally took monastic vows, adopting the name "Swami Vivekananda."
This early phase of Swami Vivekananda's life laid the foundation for his later contributions to Vedanta, Yoga, and Indian nationalism. His encounter with Ramakrishna ignited a spiritual fire that would inspire generations to come.
Swami Vivekananda’s Transformative Travels in India (1888–1893)
In 1888, Narendra left the serene confines of the monastery, embracing the life of a Parivrâjaka—a wandering monk. His existence became one of fluidity: "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go". Armed with minimal possessions—a kamandalu (water pot), a staff, and two cherished books—the Bhagavad Gita and The Imitation of Christ—Narendra set forth on a spiritual odyssey that would redefine his purpose and destiny.
Narendra's journey took him to the heart of India—the land of ancient wisdom, diverse traditions, and profound spirituality. He crisscrossed the subcontinent, seeking knowledge, enlightenment, and a deeper understanding of humanity. His encounters were as varied as the landscape itself:
- Centres of Learning: Narendra visited renowned centers of learning, engaging with scholars, sages, and philosophers. From the sacred banks of the Ganges to the ancient monasteries of the Himalayas, he absorbed the essence of India's intellectual heritage.
- Religious Traditions: His path intersected with diverse religious traditions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sufism. Narendra immersed himself in their teachings, recognizing the common thread that wove through them all—the pursuit of truth and liberation.
- Social Realities: As he traversed the countryside, Narendra witnessed the stark realities of poverty, suffering, and inequality. His heart resonated with the plight of the marginalized—the paraiyars (low-caste workers) and the downtrodden.
Narendra's experiences left an indelible mark. He resolved to uplift India, not through political power or material wealth, but through spiritual awakening. His vision transcended borders and encompassed all religions, races, and social strata. Living primarily on bhiksha (alms), he shared meals with Hindus, Muslims, and Christians alike, breaking bread with the rich and the destitute.
On May 31, 1893, Narendra embarked on a voyage that would alter the course of history. Bound for Chicago, he carried with him a new identity—a name suggested by Ajit Singh of Khetri: "Vivekananda." This name encapsulated his essence—the bliss of discerning wisdom (viveka) and the joy of spiritual realization (ānanda).
Swami Vivekananda's Transformative Journey to the West (1893–1897)
In May 1893, Vivekananda set sail from India, bound for the United States. His itinerary included stops in Japan, China, and Canada before reaching Chicago in July. The purpose of his voyage was to participate in the "Parliament of Religions," a groundbreaking event that aimed to showcase the unity underlying diverse religious traditions.
The Parliament of Religions, held in September 1893 as part of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, brought together representatives from various faiths. Vivekananda, representing India and Hinduism, delivered a brief yet impactful speech. His opening words—"Sisters and brothers of America!"—resonated deeply with the audience, earning him a standing ovation. His message emphasized universality, religious tolerance, and the pursuit of truth.
The press hailed Vivekananda as a "cyclonic monk from India." His eloquence and wisdom left an indelible mark. He continued his lecture tours across the United States, captivating audiences in cities like Chicago, Detroit, Boston, and New York. His mission extended beyond conversion; he aimed to enrich existing beliefs, urging Methodists, Presbyterians, and Unitarians alike to live their truths.
Vivekananda's influence reached Europe as well. He toured the UK, lecturing successfully and meeting scholars like Max Müller. His adaptation of Hindu ideas to Western sensibilities resonated deeply. His book "Raja Yoga" became a cornerstone of modern yoga understanding. Vivekananda's legacy lives on through Vedanta centers in the West, bridging cultures and fostering spiritual awakening.
In 1896, Vivekananda returned to India, revitalized by his experiences. He continued correspondence with followers, emphasizing social service and practical spirituality. His teachings inspired Sister Nivedita, who dedicated her life to Indian education and independence. Vivekananda's journey remains a beacon of light, illuminating the path of wisdom and compassion for generations to come.
Vivekananda's Return to India: A Journey of Social Transformation (1897–1899)
On January 15, 1897, Vivekananda's ship docked in Colombo, British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). The warm reception he received marked the beginning of a significant phase. In Colombo, he delivered his first public speech in the East, setting the tone for his subsequent travels.
From Colombo, Vivekananda embarked on a triumphant journey to Calcutta. Along the way, he visited Pamban, Rameswaram, Ramnad, Madurai, Kumbakonam, and Madras (now Chennai). His lectures resonated with common people and rajas alike. Passengers would even stop trains to hear him speak. Vivekananda's focus shifted from India's spiritual heritage (as discussed in the West) to addressing pressing social issues.
Back in India, Vivekananda championed social causes. He advocated for uplifting the masses, eliminating the rigid caste system, promoting scientific knowledge, and industrialization. His lectures, compiled in "Lectures from Colombo to Almora," reflected his nationalistic fervor and spiritual ideology. Vivekananda's vision extended beyond religious boundaries; he sought to empower the nation as a whole.
On May 1, 1897, in Calcutta, Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission—a beacon of social service rooted in Karma Yoga. The mission's governing body comprised trustees from the Ramakrishna Math, an institution dedicated to religious work. Both organizations found their headquarters at Belur Math.
Vivekananda founded two monasteries: the Advaita Ashrama in the Himalayas (near Almora) and another in Madras (now Chennai). He also launched two journals: "Prabuddha Bharata" in English and "Udbhodan" in Bengali. Simultaneously, famine-relief work began under Swami Akhandananda's leadership in the Murshidabad district.
Vivekananda's influence extended beyond social service. He inspired Jamsetji Tata to establish a research and educational institution. However, when Tata offered him the position of heading the Research Institute of Science, Vivekananda declined. His spiritual pursuits took precedence over academic roles.
Vivekananda's legacy endures through the Ramakrishna Mission, Vedanta centers, and his teachings. His return to India marked a new chapter—a fusion of spirituality, social reform, and unwavering commitment to the nation's well-being.
Vivekananda’s Second Western Journey and Final Years (1899–1902)
Swami Vivekananda, the spiritual luminary who bridged the East and West, embarked on a second voyage to the Western world in 1899. Despite his declining health, he continued to inspire and transform lives. In this article, we delve into Vivekananda's remarkable journey during these crucial years and explore the legacy he left behind.
In June 1899, Vivekananda set sail for the West once again. Accompanied by Sister Nivedita and Swami Turiyananda, he embarked on a mission that would shape the course of spiritual thought. His first stop was England, followed by the United States.
During this visit, Vivekananda established Vedanta Societies in San Francisco and New York. These centers became hubs for the study and dissemination of Vedanta philosophy. Additionally, he founded a shanti ashrama (peace retreat) in California—a sanctuary for seekers and contemplation.
Vivekananda's journey took him to Paris in 1900, where he participated in the Congress of Religions. His lectures in Paris covered diverse topics, including the worship of the lingam and the authenticity of the Bhagavad Gita. His presence resonated with both scholars and seekers.
Vivekananda's travels extended beyond France. He visited Brittany, Vienna, Istanbul, Athens, and Egypt. Throughout this period, the French philosopher Jules Bois hosted him. Vivekananda's interactions with European intellectuals and thinkers enriched his understanding of global spirituality.
On December 9, 1900, Vivekananda returned to Calcutta. Despite his deteriorating health, he continued to coordinate the activities of the Ramakrishna Mission, the math, and the work in England and the US. His home at Belur Math became a meeting point for royalty, politicians, and spiritual seekers.
Although his health declined—marked by asthma, diabetes, and chronic insomnia—Vivekananda remained committed. He couldn't attend the Congress of Religions in Japan in 1901 due to his physical condition. Nevertheless, he undertook pilgrimages to Bodhgaya and Varanasi, seeking solace and spiritual renewal.
Swami Vivekananda's final years were a testament to his unwavering dedication. His teachings continue to inspire generations, emphasizing the unity of all religions and the pursuit of self-realization. His legacy lives on through the Ramakrishna Mission, Vedanta centers, and the hearts of countless seekers.
Swami Vivekananda and the Profound Practice of Meditation
From his childhood, Vivekananda displayed a keen interest in meditation. His master, Ramakrishna, identified him as a dhyana-siddha—an expert in meditation. This early exposure laid the foundation for Vivekananda's lifelong exploration of spiritual practices.
In 1892, Vivekananda reached Kanyakumari, where he meditated for three days on a large rock. During this intense contemplation, he envisioned the unity of India and resolved to dedicate his life to humanity. This event, known as the Kanyakumari resolve, shaped his spiritual mission.
Vivekananda's impact extended beyond India. He introduced meditation to Western countries, emphasizing its role in enhancing concentration and self-realization. His book *Raja Yoga* and lectures explored meditation's purpose and techniques.
Vivekananda's meditation practices encompassed two themes:
- Yoga Approach: Practical and mystical, this theme emphasized meditation as a means to realize illumination.
- Vedanta Approach: Philosophical and transcendental, it aimed at understanding the "Supreme."
Even as a child, Vivekananda meditated before images of deities like Lord Shiva and Lord Rama. His deep connection with meditation began at an early age, and he achieved profound states of concentration.
Under Ramakrishna's guidance, Vivekananda experienced Nirvikalpa Samadhi—a state of profound meditation. Later, at Baranagar Math, he continued rigorous religious practices, emphasizing inner focus and detachment.
During his wandering years, Vivekananda traveled across India, seeking secluded locations for meditation. Inspired by Gautama Buddha's teachings, he realized the interconnectedness of all existence.
Vivekananda's teachings emphasized meditation's essence. He stressed regular practice, behavioral control, and the pursuit of knowledge, work, love, and a meditated mind. His legacy endures, inspiring countless seekers to explore the depths of their own consciousness.
Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda
The relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda is a profound and transformative one, shaping the course of Indian spirituality and philosophy.
In November 1881, Ramakrishna and Narendranath (pre-monastic name of Vivekananda) crossed paths at the house of Surendra Nath Mitra. Ramakrishna, intrigued by Narendranath's singing talent, invited him to Dakshineswar. Initially, Narendranath did not accept Ramakrishna as his master, considering him a "mono maniac." However, their subsequent interactions led to a profound transformation. Ramakrishna shaped Narendranath's personality and prepared him for a life dedicated to serving humanity. After Ramakrishna's passing, Narendranath and other monastic disciples established their first monastery at Baranagar.
Inspired by Ramakrishna's Advaita Vedanta philosophy, Vivekananda played a pivotal role in spreading this message globally. At the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago (September 1893), Vivekananda eloquently transmitted Ramakrishna's teachings. This marked the beginning of the impressive propagation of the Ramakrishna movement across the United States. Together, they founded the Ramakrishna Mission and established the Ramakrishna Math, perpetuating their shared legacy. Vivekananda, previously an unknown monk, became a celebrity overnight.
After lecturing at the Parliament, Vivekananda continued his mission, delivering lectures and classes in America and England. In 1901, he delivered two lectures on Ramakrishna in New York and England, later compiled into the book "My Master." Vivekananda acknowledged, "All that I am, all that the world itself will some day be, is owing to my Master, Shri Ramakrishna."
Background of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda:
- Ramakrishna: Born to a Brahmin family in rural Bengal, Ramakrishna displayed paranormal inclinations from childhood. His pursuit of spiritual knowledge led him to Dakshineswar, where he immersed himself in religious experimentation and Advaita Vedanta teachings. His enlightenment profoundly influenced his understanding of life's complexities and the unity underlying different paths to God.
- Vivekananda: Born Narendranath Datta, he hailed from an aristocratic Bengali family. His early beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, emphasizing a formless God and rejecting idolatry. Vivekananda's encounter with Ramakrishna transformed him into the world teacher he would become.
Initial Meetings and Spiritual Impact:
- First Meeting: Narendra (Vivekananda) sang devotional songs at Dakshineswar, impressing Ramakrishna. Their conversation revealed Ramakrishna's deep spiritual experiences, leaving Narendra amazed and intrigued.
- Second Meeting: Ramakrishna's touch induced an altered state of consciousness in Narendra, further puzzling him.
- Third Meeting: Despite fear, Narendra returned. Ramakrishna's spiritual touch rendered him unconscious, leading to profound insights. Ramakrishna believed Narendra had attained "perfection" in a previous birth.
Narendra as an Apprentice of Ramakrishna (1882—1886)
The encounters between Narendra (later known as Swami Vivekananda) and Sri Ramakrishna were pivotal moments in both their lives.
Narendra initially resisted accepting Ramakrishna as his teacher. His upbringing in the Brahmo Samaj influenced his skepticism toward idol worship and atheism. He tested Ramakrishna, asking critical questions and even conducting experiments like placing a silver coin under Ramakrishna's bed to test his aversion to money.
ver time, Narendra began accepting Ramakrishna as his spiritual guide. He closely observed Ramakrishna's life and imbibed spiritual teachings. Ramakrishna recognized Narendra's expertise in meditation (Dhyana-siddha) and prepared him for service to humanity.
Ramakrishna loved Narendra deeply, considering him an embodiment of God (Narayana). He compared Narendra to various symbols, emphasizing his uniqueness and spiritual potential.
Narendra faced financial hardships after his father's death, but his visits to Dakshineswar provided solace. He prayed to goddess Kali for wisdom, discrimination, renunciation, and uninterrupted vision. Ramakrishna's illness and eventual passing deeply impacted Narendra.
Vivekananda considered Ramakrishna an incarnation of God, embodying infinite knowledge, love, and compassion. He attributed his own growth and teachings to Ramakrishna, acknowledging the debt he owed to his master.
Vivekananda's lectures on Ramakrishna, delivered in New York and England, were compiled into the book "My Master." He also composed the song "Khandana Bhava–Bandhana," praying for liberation from worldly bondage.
Sure, here is the detailed article on Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar:
Vivekananda's Prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar
In September 1884, a significant event unfolded in the life of Swami Vivekananda, then known as Narendranath Dutta. Following the suggestion of Ramakrishna, he went to the Kali temple of Dakshineswar intending to pray for financial welfare. However, he ultimately prayed for pure knowledge, devotion, and renunciation. This event marked a turning point in Vivekananda's spiritual journey, transforming him from a skeptic who initially revolted against idol-worship to an ardent devotee who accepted and prayed before an idol of Kali.
Vivekananda was born Narendranath Datta on 12 January 1863 into an affluent family in North Calcutta. His father, Vishwanath Datta, was a lawyer with a fair income but spent more than his earnings. In February 1884, while Narendranath was preparing for his upcoming F. A. examinations, Vishwanath Datta passed away. This sudden death left the Datta family bankrupt, with creditors demanding loan repayments and relatives threatening to evict the family from their ancestral home. Narendra, once a son of a well-to-do family, became one of the poorest students in his college. He was the eldest son of Vishwanath and had to take responsibility for his family. Despite his efforts, he failed to find a job or earn the basic needs of life for his family.
During this challenging phase, Narendranath found solace in the 19th-century mystic saint Ramakrishna, whom he had met in 1881. His visits to Dakshineswar to meet Ramakrishna increased. In their initial meeting, Narendra had resisted accepting or worshipping Kali, the goddess whom Ramakrishna worshipped. When asked by Ramakrishna why he came if he did not accept Kali, Narendra replied, "simply because I come to see you? I come to you because I love you."
On 16th September, Narendra requested Ramakrishna to pray to Goddess Kali, the Divine Mother, for some financial welfare, which was the immediate need of his family. Ramakrishna listened to his request and told him that the day was a Tuesday, an "auspicious day". He asked him to go to the temple in the evening and pray himself. Ramakrishna also told Narendra about the mother Goddess: "She is absolute knowledge, the supreme power of Bramhan (The Universe) and by her mere will she has given birth to this world. Everything is in her power to give." Narendra then believed the words of his master and decided to approach Mother Kali and pray to her to rescue him from his financial problems.
Following the suggestion, at 9 o'clock in the evening, Narendra prepared himself to go to the temple. As he entered the temple and looked at the image of Kali, he was overawed with a great feeling of devotion and love. He went to the temple of Kali and stood in front of the idol, bowed to Goddess Kali in an "ecstasy of joy" and started repeating her name. Standing before the Divine Mother, he felt she was "living and conscious, full of divine love and beauty". He prayed to the Goddess for divine knowledge and devotion, and for her eternal divine visions, but forgot to pray for financial welfare for which he had come.
When Narendra came to Ramakrishna, who was sitting outside the temple, Ramakrishna asked him, "Did you pray for your family wants?". Narendra was puzzled and confessed that he had forgotten to do so. Upon knowing this, Ramakrishna asked him to go to the temple and pray for the second time. Like the last time, he stood before the idol of goddess Kali, bowed to her and started praying. He prayed— "Give me discrimination and divine knowledge. Grant me mother your unhindered vision", but, once again he forgot to pray for his family wants. Then Ramakrishna admonished him saying "how thoughtless! Couldn’t you restrain yourself enough to say those few words?
Narendra came back to Ramakrishna, who once again asked him if he had prayed for financial support that time. Once again, Narendra answered in negative and confessed that he had forgotten. Ramakrishna asked him to attempt for the third time to pray for his family's immediate need. Narendra went to Kali temple for the third time. He tried to pray for what he was suggested, but started feeling ashamed of himself for attempting to pray to worldly and material things. So he returned to Ramakrishna without praying for any kind of financial welfare. Ramakrishna was pleased to learn that his disciple's spiritual inclination and did a forecast that Narendra's family would never face lack of essentials of living like food and clothes. Finally, Narendra in his own words said "I had to accept her at last!". It was the end of his six years of "hate of Kali! And all her ways!"
Following this eventful revelation of Goddess Kali, he would say, "I can not but believe that there is somewhere a great power that thinks of herself as feminine called Kali and Mother".
After becoming an ardent devotee of goddess Kali, Vivekananda would say that Kali was the "Divine Mother of the Universe" who is "embodied in Herself, creation and destruction, love and terror, life and death." In later years when Vivekananda went to the west to preach and teach Vedanta, in his letters to Sister Nivedita he would say that Mother was protecting him and giving him emotional support. He even said that "Kali worship is my special habit" and also clarified that he never preached Kali worship to anyone, as this worship was his secret.
According to Vivekananda's biographer B. R. Kishore, "This incident added a new dimension to Narendra's devotion and knowledge. Till now, he had been against image-worship. He had refused to accept the Divine Mother. But now he had become an ardent devotee of the Mother." Elizabeth Harding, in her book "Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar" also felt, this was a "turning point" in Narendra's life. Amiya P. Sen has written, this incident "deepened" Narendra's "spiritual quest" and after this incident he started frequently meditating at Panchavati, a lonely lace in Dakshineswar. Swami Nikhilananda has said, Narendra had two options, he could pray for either a happy worldly life or spiritual progress and independence, and he chose the second one.
Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)
Swami Vivekananda, born as Narendra Nath Datta, embarked on a journey across India as a Parivrâjaka, a wandering monk, in 1888. His only possessions were a kamandalu (water pot), staff, and his two favorite books: the Bhagavad Gita and The Imitation of Christ. Over the next five years, he traveled extensively, visiting centers of learning, familiarizing himself with various religious traditions and social patterns, and developing a deep sympathy for the suffering and poverty of the people.
His travels took him to Varanasi, Ayodhya, Lucknow, Agra, Vrindavan, Hathras, and Rishikesh. In Varanasi, he visited the places where Gautama Buddha and Adi Shankara preached and met Bengali writer Bhudev Mukhopadhyay and Hindu saint Trailanga Swami. He also met Sanskrit and Vedic scholar Babu Pramadadas Mitra, with whom he corresponded on the interpretation of Hindu scriptures.
In Vrindavan, he had a transformative experience when he asked a man of lower caste for a tobacco bowl. Initially, he accepted the man's refusal, but later, feeling ashamed, he returned and insisted on taking the hookah from him.
While on his way to Haridwar, he stayed at Hathras, where he met Sharat Chandra Gupta, a railway station master. Gupta offered him food and hospitality, and during their conversation, Narendra shared his vision of serving his motherland and seeing India regain her old glory. Inspired by Narendra's words, Gupta decided to renounce the world and became a disciple of Narendranath.
After leaving Hathras, Narendra and Gupta traveled to Haridwar and then to Rishikesh, where Narendra initiated Gupta into Sannyasa, giving him the name Swami Sadananda.
Between 1888 and 1890, Swami Vivekananda visited Vaidyanath in Allahabad. On 18 January 1890, he went from Allahabad to Ghazipur and met Pavhari Baba, an Advaita Vedanta ascetic. However, a dream in which Ramakrishna appeared with a melancholy face convinced Swami Vivekananda that no one other than Ramakrishna could be his teacher, and he abandoned the idea of becoming Baba's disciple.
These travels played a crucial role in shaping Swami Vivekananda's understanding of the diverse religious and social fabric of India, and his experiences during this period laid the foundation for his future work and teachings.
Swami Vivekananda, born as Narendra, embarked on a significant journey in 1890 that would eventually lead him to the West. This journey began with his return to Baranagar Math due to ill health and the need to arrange for the math's financial support. After completing his work in July, he left the math, accompanied by fellow monk Swami Akhandananda, for the Himalayas.
During this first phase of his journey, he visited sacred sites such as Nainital, Almora, Srinagar, Dehradun, Rishikesh, and Haridwar. He met with fellow monks Swami Brahmananda, Saradananda, Turiyananda, and Advaitananda. They spent several days in Meerut, engaging in meditation, prayer, and the study of scriptures. By the end of January 1891, Swami Vivekananda left his colleagues and traveled to Delhi.
In Delhi, after visiting historical sites, he began his journey towards Rajputana. During this time, he drew inspiration from the words of Gautama Buddha. His journey took him to Alwar, where he was warmly welcomed by both Hindus and Muslims. He had a significant interaction with the King of Alwar, Mangal Singh, who had a Westernized outlook and ridiculed Hindu idol worship. Swami Vivekananda attempted to explain the symbolic nature of Hindu worship to him.
From Alwar, he went to Jaipur, where he studied Panini's Ashtadhyayi with a Sanskrit scholar. He then visited Ajmer, where he visited the palace of Akbar and the Dargah Sharif. At Mount Abu, he met Raja Ajit Singh of Khetri, who became an ardent devotee and supporter.
Swami Vivekananda's journey continued to various parts of India, including Ahmedabad, Wadhwan, Limbdi, Junagadh, Girnar, Kutch, Porbander, Dwaraka, Palitana, Nadiad, Baroda, Mahabaleshwar, Pune, Khandwa, Indore, Belgaum, Panaji, Margao, Bangalore, Trissur, Kodungalloor, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Nagercoil, and Kanyakumari.
At Kanyakumari, he meditated on the "last bit of Indian rock" and had a vision of one India. This led him to the realization that he needed collaborators and funds to raise the masses. This realization led him to decide to travel to America to earn money and then return to his country to devote the rest of his days to the realization of this aim.
From Kanyakumari, he visited Madurai and had meetings with the Raja of Ramnad Bhaskara Sethupathi. He had extensive discussions on Hindu philosophy with eminent scholars like Mahavidwan R. Raghava Iyengar. The raja became his disciple and urged him to attend the Parliament of Religions in Chicago. From Madurai, he visited Rameswaram, Pondicherry, and Madras. In Madras, he met some of his disciples, especially Alasinga Perumal, who went door to door in hopes of getting money for Swami Vivekananda's travel.
With funds collected by his Madras disciples, the kings of Mysore, Ramnad, Khetri, diwans, and other followers, Swami Vivekananda left Bombay for Chicago on 31 May 1893 with the name "Vivekananda", as suggested by Ajit Singh of Khetri, which means "the bliss of discerning wisdom".
Swami Vivekananda in California
Swami Vivekananda, the renowned 19th-century Indian monk, arrived in Los Angeles, California in 1899 during his second visit to the West. His eloquent speeches and presentation of Hindu religious principles, as well as comparisons with other religious beliefs, made him a celebrity among a diverse American audience. After delivering lectures in New York, he traveled to the western part of the United States and reached Los Angeles via Chicago. He then delivered lectures in California at Oakland, San Francisco, and Alameda.
Vivekananda reached California on December 3, 1899, where he was received at the railway station by Josephine MacLeod, met Miss Spencer, and stayed with her as a guest. From December 3, 1899, to May 30, 1900, when he left for Chicago, he conducted a series of lectures and private classes in California. His first lecture in this series was on December 8 at Blachard Hall, 233 S Broadway, LA, in which he discussed "Vedanta Philosophy" or "Hinduism as a religion".
He gave lectures on the concept of “The way to the Realization of the Universalization of a Universal Religion” and on “Christ, the Messenger”. Vivekananda interpreted Jesus from the point of view of Vedantic enunciations. He opined that Jesus was a Yogi. He spent a month at the "Home of Truth" and noted that of all Americans, “Californians are specially fit to understand the raja-yoga of intuitive meditation which he labeled Applied Psychology”. Thereafter, many Vedanta centers were founded in the northern part of California under the stewardship of C.F. Patterson. To keep up with the pace of development he recalled Turiyananda one of his disciples to California.
During the time he stayed in Los Angeles, Vivekananda was given a large area of land by one of his devotees, which was a forested hilly terrain about 12 miles from Lick Observatory, an area of 160 acres, in Northern California, to build a Vedanta retreat to house students. He called it Peace retreat or Santi Asrama. His brother disciple Turiyananda was called to inspect the land and develop the center in San Francisco. He, thereafter, trained students here in the art of “meditation and austere monastic life of India.” for next two years.
After lecturing in Los Angeles, Vivekananda went to San Francisco. He then lectured students for three months in San Francisco, Oakland, and Alameda. On the urgings of students from the areas around San Francisco Bay, urged Vivekananda to set up an institution that could be run to keep the study of Vedanta going even after Vivekananda's departure from the US. It was then on 14 April 1900 that Vivekananda, after his evening lecture, established the Vedanta Society with the objective of "assisting Swami Vivekananda in his work in India and studying Vedanta Philosophy." Vivekananda then decided to bring in his disciple to run the institution.
In South Pasadena, in 1900, Vivekananda gave eight lectures. Here, he stayed as a guest in the house of Meade sisters the —Carrie, Helen, and Alice—in Pasadena, his disciples, for 8 weeks. Alice Mead Hansbrough had heard Vivekananda's lecture on 8 December 1900 and was influenced by his Vedantic teachings. He later helped Vivekananda to establish the Vedanta Society at Pasadena and also at Los Angeles. This house has been converted into a "Vivekananda House" as a memorial where the bedroom used by Vivekananda is now a meditation room, the kitchen, the dining room with the table used by him, the parlor where he spoke are all preserved. It also houses the Vedanta Society of South Pasadena.
Vivekananda was invited to be a "Visiting Faculty” of Hindu Studies and the Dharma Civilization Foundation Chair in the University of Southern California.
An anecdote mentioned of Vivekananda's visit to Los Angeles is that after giving an erudite lecture, a devotee saw him eating peanuts and was mesmerized by his simplicity.
In northern California while cooking his meal for dinner, he concurrently delivered a lecture on philosophy, and in particular gave a verbatim narration of the eighteenth chapter of the Bhagavat Gita, which was one of his memorable talks.
Another anecdote mentioned is about Vivekananda's regular habit of not eating any meal before delivering his lectures, as he had noted that a lecture delivered on an empty stomach improved clarity of presentation. However, one exception was of him eating dates for desert during a dinner hosted by Mrs Steele and delivering a lecture after dinner. The lecture delivered by him after eating dates was considered a “scintillating oratory”.
The Final Day of Swami Vivekananda
On July 4, 1902, the day of his death, Swami Vivekananda awoke early and went to the monastery at Belur Math. He spent three hours in meditation, a practice he held dear throughout his life. Following his meditation, he taught Shukla-Yajur-Veda, Sanskrit grammar, and the philosophy of yoga to his pupils. He also discussed with his colleagues a planned Vedic college in the Ramakrishna Math.
At 7:00 pm, Vivekananda retired to his room, requesting not to be disturbed. He passed away at 9:20 p.m. while in meditation. According to his disciples, Vivekananda attained mahasamādhi, a term used in Hinduism referring to a realized yogi's conscious exit from the physical body at death.
The cause of his death was reported as the rupture of a blood vessel in his brain. His disciples believed that the rupture was due to his brahmarandhra (an opening in the crown of his head) being pierced when he attained mahasamādhi. This event marked the fulfillment of Vivekananda's prophecy that he would not live to be forty years old.
Following his death, Vivekananda was cremated on a sandalwood funeral pyre on the bank of the Ganga in Belur, opposite where his guru, Ramakrishna Paramahansa, was cremated sixteen years earlier. His life and teachings continue to inspire millions around the world, and his work through the Ramakrishna Mission serves as his lasting legacy.
The Teachings and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda was a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. He is credited with raising interfaith awareness and bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion in the late 19th century.
- Influence of Western Ideas: Vivekananda synthesized and popularized various strands of Hindu thought, most notably classical yoga and Advaita Vedanta. He was influenced by Western ideas such as Universalism, which he encountered through Unitarian missionaries who collaborated with the Brahmo Samaj. His initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which included belief in a formless God and the deprecation of idolatry.
- Divinity Within All: He propagated the idea that the divine, the absolute, exists within all human beings regardless of social status. He believed that seeing the divine as the essence of others would promote love and social harmony.
- Influence of Ramakrishna: Vivekananda was deeply influenced by Ramakrishna, who gradually brought him to a Vedanta-based worldview that provides the ontological basis for the spiritual practice of serving human beings as actual manifestations of God.
- Advaita Vedanta Philosophy: Vivekananda propagated that the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta philosophy. However, following Ramakrishna, Vivekananda believed that the Absolute is both immanent and transcendent.
- Emphasis on Nirvikalpa Samadhi: Vivekananda's emphasis on nirvikalpa samadhi was preceded by medieval yogic influences on Advaita Vedanta. He saw samadhi as a means to attain liberation.
- Concept of Involution: Vivekananda popularized the notion of involution, a term he probably took from Western Theosophists, notably Helena Blavatsky, in addition to Darwin's notion of evolution.
- Linking Morality with Control of the Mind: Vivekananda linked morality with control of the mind, seeing truth, purity, and unselfishness as traits that strengthened it. He advised his followers to be holy, unselfish, and to have faith.
- Introduction of Four Yogas Model: An important element in his adaptation of Hindu religiosity was the introduction of his four yogas model, which includes Raja yoga, his interpretation of Patanjali's Yoga sutras.
- Prominence of Nationalism: Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thought. He believed that a country's future depends on its people, and his teachings focused on human development.
Vivekananda's teachings and philosophy continue to inspire millions around the world, and his work through the Ramakrishna Mission serves as his lasting legacy.
The Teachings and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu monk from India known for introducing Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. His teachings and philosophy are a reinterpretation and synthesis of various strands of Hindu thought, most notably classical yoga and Advaita Vedanta, with western esotericism and Universalism. He blended religion with nationalism, and applied this reinterpretation to various aspects of education, faith, character building as well as social issues pertaining to India. His influence extended also to the west, and he was instrumental in introducing Yoga to the west.
Vivekananda synthesized and popularized various strands of Hindu thought, most notably classical yoga and Advaita Vedanta. He was influenced by western ideas such as Universalism, via Unitarian missionaries who collaborated with the Brahmo Samaj. His initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which included belief in a formless God and the deprecation of idolatry. He propagated the idea that "the divine, the absolute, exists within all human beings regardless of social status", and that "seeing the divine as the essence of others will promote love and social harmony".
In 1881, Narendra first met Ramakrishna, who became his spiritual focus after his own father had died in 1884. Ramakrishna gradually brought Narendra to a Vedanta-based worldview that "provides the ontological basis for 'śivajñāne jīver sevā', the spiritual practice of serving human beings as actual manifestations of God."
Vivekananda propagated that the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta philosophy. Nevertheless, following Ramakrishna, and in contrast to Advaita Vedanta, Vivekananda believed that the Absolute is both immanent and transcendent.
Vivekananda's emphasis on nirvikalpa samadhi was preceded by medieval yogic influences on Advaita Vedanta. He saw samadhi as a means to attain liberation. Vivekananda popularized the notion of involution, a term which Vivekananda probably took from western Theosophists, notably Helena Blavatsky, in addition to Darwin's notion of evolution.
Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thought. He believed that a country's future depends on its people, and his teachings focused on human development. He wanted "to set in motion a machinery which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest".
Vivekananda played a major role in the growing Indian nationalist sentiments in the late 19th and the 20th century, encouraging many Indians with his success and appeal in the West. His example helped to build pride in India's cultural and religious heritage, and supported the Indian independence movement.
In line with the influence of western ideas, Vivekananda stressed the importance of individual development. He realized three things are necessary to make every man great, every nation great, namely conviction of the powers of goodness; absence of jealousy and suspicion; and helping all who are trying to be and do good. He suggested trying to give up jealousy and conceit and learn to work unitedly for others. He told that purity, patience and perseverance overcome all obstacles. He suggested taking courage and work on. Patience and steady work, according to Swami Vivekananda, this is the only way to get success.
According to Swami Vivekananda, "faith in ourselves and faith in God- this is the secret of greatness". Swami Vivekananda observed the history of the world is the history of a few men who had faith in themselves, and it is faith which calls out divinity within. So he told, if people have faith in three hundred and thirty millions of Hindu mythological gods, and in all the gods which foreigners have now and still have no faith in themselves, there will be no salvation. To Vivekananda, religion was not mere theory, but an actual practice to be applied in life, raising the brute into man, and man into God, stating "it is being and becoming, not hearing or acknowledging; it is the whole soul becoming changed into what it believes." He hated the religious rituals that were in practice during that time. Vivekananda also noted that meditation in isolation won't suffice:
"The tidal wave of Western Civilisation is now rushing over the length and breadth of the country. It won't do now simply to sit in meditation on mountain tops without realizing in the least its usefulness. Now is wanted intense Karmayoga, with unbounded courage and indomitable strength in the heart. Then only will the people of the country be roused."
The Teachings and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda: Social Services
Swami Vivekananda, a Hindu monk from India, emphasized the importance of social service in his teachings. He believed that serving common people, considering them as manifestations of God, was indeed service to God. This idea was an essential aspect of Vivekananda's philosophy and an innovation that deviated from both Advaita Vedanta and Ramakrishna.
Vivekananda praised Jain monks as the first great ascetics. He admired their ancient knowledge of the presence of low forms of life in water and their commitment to non-injury. He believed that all ethics stem from the principle of non-injury and doing good.
Vivekananda emphasized that the caste system was not by birth as per ancient Hindu traditions. It is more about social structure i.e., by profession where a child born in a Kshatriya family can become a Brahmin. He supported the Varna system as described in the Vedas, stating that the division of labor is a great blessing of this system as it leads to excellence in any profession. However, he criticized the evils of this system, particularly untouchability.
Vivekananda believed that education is the manifestation of perfection already in men. He felt that education should be man-making, life-giving, and character-building. He emphasized that education is not merely the collection of information, but an assimilation of noble ideas. He also stressed the importance of spreading education among the masses.
Vivekananda warned against discriminating between sexes, stating that there is no sex distinction in Atman ('self', 'essence'). He believed that the best thermometer to the progress of a nation is its treatment of its women. He considered men and women as two wings of a bird, stating that it is not possible for a bird to fly on only one wing. Thus, according to him, there is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved.
Vivekananda's acquaintance with Western esotericism made him very successful in Western esoteric circles. He adapted traditional Hindu ideas and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his Western audiences. An important element in his adaptation of Hindu religiosity was the introduction of his four yoga's model, which includes Raja yoga, his interpretation of Patanjali's Yoga sutras. This offered a practical means to realize the divine force within, which is central to modern Western esotericism. His book Raja Yoga, published in 1896, became an instant success and was highly influential in the Western understanding of yoga.
The Influence and Legacy of Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda, a Hindu monk from India, was one of the most influential philosophers and social reformers in his contemporary India and the most successful and influential missionaries of Vedanta to the Western world. He is now considered one of the most influential people of modern India and Hinduism.
Vivekananda was one of the main representatives of Neo-Vedanta, a modern interpretation of selected aspects of Hinduism in line with western esoteric traditions, especially Transcendentalism, New Thought, and Theosophy. His reinterpretation was, and is, very successful, creating a new understanding and appreciation of Hinduism within and outside India. He espoused the idea that all sects within Hinduism (and all religions) are different paths to the same goal.
In the background of emerging nationalism in British-ruled India, Vivekananda crystallized the nationalistic ideal. His intrepid patriotism gave a new color to the national movement throughout India. More than any other single individual of that period, Vivekananda had made his contribution to the new awakening of India. His nationalistic ideas influenced many Indian thinkers and leaders.
In September 2010, the then Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, who subsequently became President of India from 2012 to 2017, approved in principle the Swami Vivekananda Values Education Project at a cost of ₹1 billion (US$13 million), with objectives including involving youth with competitions, essays, discussions, and study circles and publishing Vivekananda's works in a number of languages.
While National Youth Day in India is observed on his birthday, 12 January, the day he delivered his masterful speech at the Parliament of Religions, 11 September 1893, is "World Brotherhood Day". The 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda was celebrated in India and abroad.
Indian film director Utpal Sinha made a film, The Light: Swami Vivekananda as a tribute for his 150th birth anniversary. Other Indian films about his life include Swamiji (1949) by Amar Mullick, Swami Vivekananda (1955) by Amar Mullick, Birieswar Vivekananda (1964) by Modhu Bose, Life and Message of Swami Vivekananda (1964) documentary film by Bimal Roy, Swami Vivekananda (1998) by G. V. Iyer, Swamiji (2012) laser light film by Manick Sorcar. Sound of Joy, an Indian 3D-animated short film directed by Sukankan Roy depicts the spiritual journey of Vivekananda. It won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film in 2014.
Swami Vivekananda, a nineteenth-century Indian Hindu monk, is considered one of the most influential figures of modern India and Hinduism. His teachings and philosophy have had a profound impact on India's spiritual and cultural identity.
Vivekananda's teachings have influenced many notable figures in India. Rabindranath Tagore suggested studying Vivekananda's works to learn about India. Indian independence activist Subhas Chandra Bose regarded Vivekananda as his spiritual teacher. Mahatma Gandhi said that after reading the works of Vivekananda, his love for his nation became a thousand-fold.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist, journalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer, and independence activist, observed that Vivekananda was a person of great stature who spoke of the purity of Hinduism and its importance to the world. Rabindranath Tagore suggested studying Vivekananda to understand India. Sri Aurobindo said that Vivekananda was a soul of puissance, a very lion among men.
Barack Obama, the former President of the United States, quoted Vivekananda's words in his speech delivered in India in November 2010. Jayalalitha, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, said that Vivekananda inspired her to enter politics.
Vivekananda's birthday, on 12 January, is celebrated as the National Youth Day in India. In 2012, a three-day world conference was organized by the Institute of World Religions to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. In 2013, Indian Railways started Vivek Express, four pairs of express trains as a tribute to Vivekananda on his 150th birth anniversary.
Vivekananda's teachings continue to inspire millions of people in India and around the world. His philosophy of divine unity of existence and unity in diversity has influenced many notable people, including Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, and Arvind Kejriwal, who read about Swami Vivekananda during his IIT days and was very much inspired by him.
Swami Vivekananda Influence on Non-Indian Figures
Swami Vivekananda, during and after his tour of western countries in Europe and the United States, had a profound influence on notable personalities. Some became his ardent devotees or friends, and some even became his disciples, with many of them even becoming ascetics.
At the beginning of his visit to Chicago to address the Parliament of World Religions, Professor John Henry Wright of Harvard University invited him to speak at Harvard. He pointed out to Vivekananda the necessity of going to the Parliament of Religions, which he thought would give an introduction to the nation. Wright's reasoning was "To ask for your credentials is like asking the sun to state its right to shine in the heavens". Some of the well-known luminaries influenced by him include Max Müller (Indologist), J. J. Goodwin, John Henry Barrows, Mark Twain, Sturdy, Romain Rolland, Sara Chapman Bull, his American mother and benefactor, Mary Hale, Josephine MacLeod, Christine Greenstidel (who later came to be known as Sister Christine), Maragaret Noble (Sister Nivedita in later years), William James, Josiah Royce, Robert G. Ingersoll, Nikola Tesla, Lord Kelvin, Harriet Monroe, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Sarah Bernhardt, Emma Calvé and Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz. He initiated several followers: Marie Louise (a French woman) became Swami Abhayananda, and Leon Landsberg became Swami Kripananda.
American industrialist John D. Rockefeller reportedly made his first large donation for public welfare and later became a notable philanthropist after a meeting with Vivekananda. Vivekananda succinctly explained to Rockefeller that his philanthropy would only be a channel to help the poor and distressed people.
Vivekananda influenced French Opera singer Emma Calvé, who wrote in her autobiography:
It has been my good fortune and my joy to know a man who truly 'walked with God,' a noble being, a saint, a philosopher, and a true friend. His influence upon my spiritual life was profound. He opened up new horizons before me, enlarging and vivifying my religious ideas and ideals, teaching me a broader understanding of truth. My soul will bear him an eternal gratitude.
Vivekananda's life and works have influenced many scholars, writers, politicians worldwide. French writer Romain Rolland wrote that Vivekananda was "energy personified". Rolland felt "kingliness" was Vivekananda's characteristics, "He was a born king and nobody ever came near him in India or America without paying homage to his majesty". American writer, historian, philosopher Will Durant told, the speeches of Vivekananda were more "virile" than the ones delivered in the Vedic times.
The nationalist leader and the first president of independent Indonesia Sukarno said that it was Swami Vivekananda who inspired him to become strong and to serve God and mankind. Historian and Indologist Arthur Llewellyn Basham compared Vivekananda with other eminent religious figures of India such as Kabir, Adi Shankara, Chaitanya. Russian academician and public figure Eugene Chelyshev was an ardent admirer of Swami Vivekananda. He said:
Reading and re-reading the works of Vivekananda each time I find in them something new that helps deeper to understand India, its philosophy, the way of the life and customs of the people in the past and the present, their dreams of the future...
Chelyshev also predicted that the memory of Vivekananda will never fade away. Chinese scholar Huan Xin Chuan stated that Vivekananda was the most renowned social figure of modern China and Chinese socialists carefully study the works of Vivekananda.
Barack Obama, the President of the United States, quoted Vivekananda's words in his speech delivered in India in November 2010. He said:
Instead of succumbing to division, you have shown that the strength of India—the very idea of India—is its embrace of all colors, castes and creeds. It's the diversity represented in this chamber today. It's the richness of faiths celebrated by a visitor to my hometown of Chicago more than a century ago—the renowned Swami Vivekananda. He said that, 'holiness, purity and charity are not the exclusive possessions of any church in the world, and that every system has produced men and women of the most exalted character.
Swami Vivekananda's birthday, i.e., 12 January, is celebrated as the National Youth Day in India. The "Universal Brotherhood Day" is observed on 11 September, on the day when Vivekananda delivered his first speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions Chicago in 1893 and addressed the American people and his audience as "Sisters and brothers of America".
The 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda was celebrated in India and abroad during 2013. Year-long events and programs were organized by branches of the Ramakrishna Math, the Ramakrishna Mission, the central and state governments in India, educational institutions, and youth groups. Swami Vivekananda delivered his famous lectures at the Parliament of the World's Religions, Chicago in 1893. In 2012, a 3-day World conference was organized by the Institute of World Religions (of the Washington Kali Temple), Burtonsville, Maryland, in association with the Council for Parliament of World Religions, Chicago, Illinois to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
In 2011—2013 Railway Budget, Indian Railways announced four pairs of new express trains on the Indian Railways network. These new trains were started as a tribute to Vivekananda on his 140th birth anniversary.
To mark the anniversary of Swami Vivekananda's landmark address at the Chicago Art Institute, and in remembrance of the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon 108 years later on that very date, 11 September, Indian artist Jitish Kallat created Public Notice 3, a site-specific installation on the Art Institute's Woman's Board Grand Staircase.
Swami Vivekananda has been the primary topic of many films, dramas, and folk-plays. Bengali film director Amar Mullick made two different movies: Swamiji (1949) and its adaptation in Hindi, Swami Vivekananda (1955). The film Swami Vivekananda was released on 12 June 1998. In 2013, Utpal (Tutu) Sinha directed The Light: Swami Vivekananda which was a tribute to Vivekananda on his 150th anniversary of his birth. Indian American animator and laserist Manick Sorcar created a laser show, Swamiji, in honor of the anniversary.
Bengali theatre group Lokkrishti staged a drama Biley to commemorate the birth anniversary. In 2013 Belgharia Shankhamala theatre group staged the drama Bireswar.
Swami Vivekananda Works
Swami Vivekananda was a powerful orator and writer in English and Bengali. However, he was not a thorough scholar, and most of his published works were compiled from lectures given around the world which were "mainly delivered impromptu and with little preparation". His main work, Raja Yoga, consists of talks he delivered in New York.
One of his notable literary works is "Bartaman Bharat" meaning "Present Day India", an erudite Bengali language essay written by him. It was first published in the March 1899 issue of Udbodhan, the only Bengali language magazine of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. The essay was reprinted as a book in 1905 and later compiled into the fourth volume of The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda. In this essay, his refrain to the readers was to honor and treat every Indian as a brother irrespective of whether he was born poor or in lower caste.
Vivekananda's publications, both during his lifetime and posthumously, are extensive. They include:
Published in his lifetime:
- Sangeet Kalpataru (1887, with Vaishnav Charan Basak)
- Karma Yoga (1896)
- Raja Yoga (1896 [1899 edition])
- Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society (1896)
- Lectures from Colombo to Almora (1897)
- Bartaman Bharat (in Bengali) (March 1899), Udbodhan
- My Master (1901), The Baker and Taylor Company, New York
- Vedânta philosophy: lectures on Jnâna Yoga (1902) Vedânta Society, New York
- Jnana yoga (1899)
Published posthumously:
- Addresses on Bhakti Yoga
- Bhakti Yoga
- The East and the West (1909)
- Inspired Talks (1909)
- Narada Bhakti Sutras – translation
- Para Bhakti or Supreme Devotion
- Practical Vedanta
- Speeches and writings of Swami Vivekananda; a comprehensive collection
- Complete Works: a collection of his writings, lectures and discourses in a set of nine volumes
- Seeing Beyond the Circle (2005)
These works have had a significant influence on people around the world, contributing to their understanding of Indian philosophy and spirituality.
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Was Vivekananda a Hindu?
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What God did Vivekananda worship?
How did Swami Vivekananda meet his guru?
What are the three values of Vivekananda?
Why did Vivekananda died so early?
How powerful was Vivekananda?
What is the legend of Swami Vivekananda?
Why did Vivekananda became monk?
Who is the famous personality Swami Vivekananda?
Is Swamy Vivekananda a smoker?
Was Vivekananda Veg or Nonveg?
Did Vivekananda ever smoke?
How many diseases did Vivekananda have?
What Swami Vivekananda said about Hindu?
What is the most famous slogan of Swami Vivekananda?
What Netaji said about Swami Vivekananda?
When did Vivekananda first meet?
Did Vivekananda believe in Hinduism?
What Vivekananda said about education?
Why didn t Swami Vivekananda marry?
Who married with Swami Vivekananda?
What is true love by Vivekananda?
Why did Vivekananda believe in God?
What is karma by Vivekananda quotes?
Who is mentor of Swami Vivekananda?
Who was the first guru of Swami Vivekananda?
Who was the famous guru of Vivekananda?
Why is Vivekananda unique?
What did Vivekananda teach us?
What are the achievements of Swami Vivekananda?
Is Swami Vivekananda a genius?
How many brothers did Vivekananda have?
Who was the most famous woman discipline of Vivekananda?
What is the famous slogan of Vivekananda?
What are 2 thoughts of Swami Vivekananda?
Who are the two great men who praised Swami Vivekananda?
Who is Hindu according to Vivekananda?
Which mission did Vivekananda found?
What are the 4 teachings of Swami Vivekananda?
What is the greatest religion in the world Swami Vivekananda?
Did Swami Vivekananda see Shiva?
How Vivekananda see God?
Who is the real Guru of Swami Vivekananda?
What were the main ideas of Vivekananda?
What is the main motto of Swami Vivekananda?
What is the famous dialogue of Vivekananda?
What are some famous stories about Swami Vivekananda?
Who was Vivekananda short profile?
Did Swami Vivekananda eat meat and fish?
Was Swami Vivekananda against Hinduism?
When did Vivekananda came to India?
What is the slogan of Vivekananda?
What is the main aim of education according to Vivekananda?
What Vivekananda said about marriage?
Who is God according to Vivekananda?
Who called Vivekananda as maker of India?
What kind of leader was Swami Vivekananda?
Was Vivekananda a Yogi?
Who was the spiritual teacher of Swami Vivekananda?
What is special facts about Swami Vivekananda?
What is the proof of God Vivekananda?
How Swami Vivekananda inspired me?
Why Swami Vivekananda is very famous?
What is the importance of Swami Vivekananda in our life?
What is the other name of Vivekananda?
What Vivekananda said about Buddha?
What was Swami Vivekananda's dream India?
What are the 4 types of Yoga according to Vivekananda?
What are the 4 types of Yoga Vivekananda?
How Vivekananda read?
What is focus by Vivekananda?
What did Vivekananda teach about life?
What was the character of Vivekananda?
What was the short slogan of Swami Vivekananda?
Was Vivekananda eat non veg?
What is freedom by Vivekananda?
What is the role of teacher in Vivekananda?
What is the main work of Vivekananda?
What is the role of Vivekananda in youth?
What was the greatness of Vivekananda?
What was Swami Vivekananda's goal?
Did Vivekananda do yoga?
How many yogas are admitted by Vivekananda?
How Swami Vivekananda read 700 pages?
How intelligent is Vivekananda?
What is the famous line of Swami Vivekananda?
What is the short thought of Vivekananda?
What was the role of Vivekananda?
What is the reason for Swami Vivekananda death?
Why Vivekananda speech is so famous?
Who is the true teacher according to Vivekananda?
What did Vivekananda contribute to education?
Why Swami Vivekananda is a good leader?
Why Swami Vivekananda is important for India?
How is 17 Swami Vivekananda an inspiration to the youth?
How many days did Vivekananda meditate?
How did Vivekananda meditate?
How Swami Vivekananda learn so fast?
What is the memory like Vivekananda?
Did Swami Vivekananda read book without opening it?
What is the religion of Vivekananda?
What was the educational life of Swami Vivekananda?
What is great personality about Swami Vivekananda?
Why is Swami Vivekananda important?
Why is Vivekananda important?
Why Swami Vivekananda is my role model?
When did Vivekananda take his last breath?
How to control mind like Vivekananda?
How did Swami Vivekananda read 700 pages book in an hour?
Did Vivekananda read Bhagavad Gita?
How Vivekananda memorize books?
What is God by Vivekananda?
What kind of man was Swami Vivekananda?
How Swami Vivekananda inspires us?
Why Swami Vivekananda birthday is celebrated as Youth Day?
Was Vivekananda non-vegetarian?
What is fear by Vivekananda?
What was Vivekananda's memory?
Which God did Swami Vivekananda pray to?
How did Swami Vivekananda read a book in an hour?
Was Vivekananda Religious?
Does Swami Vivekananda believe in astrology?
Was Swami Vivekananda a Brahmin?
Why Swami Vivekananda is called youth icon?
What are the health issues of Vivekananda?
What did Vivekananda found?
Was Vivekananda a vegetarian or not?
What is the symbol of Swami Vivekananda?
Is Vivekananda a Yogi?
Is Swami Vivekananda a spiritual guru?
What Vivekananda said about caste?
Who changed Vivekananda name?
What was the ideology of Vivekananda?
Was Vivekananda against Hinduism?
Why is Swami Vivekananda famous?
What is religion Vivekananda?
What is love Vivekananda?
What was Swami Vivekananda guru name?
Was Vivekananda Brahmachari?
Does Swami Vivekananda believe in Jesus?
Did Swami Vivekananda met Mahatma Gandhi?
What is universal religion after Swami Vivekananda?
Who gave name Vivekananda?
What is Vivekananda famous for?
What Vivekananda said about Buddha?
How many brothers and sisters does Swami Vivekananda have?
Why Swami Vivekananda was proud of his own religion?
Who is the first guru of Swami Vivekananda?
Which festival was Swami Vivekananda born?
Who gave the name Swami Vivekananda to Shri Narendra?
Who gave Vivekananda?
When did Vivekananda Guru died?
When was Vivekananda day?
In which college did Swami Vivekananda study?
How many birthdays does Swami Vivekananda have?
How did Ramakrishna meet Vivekananda?
How old was Swami Vivekananda when he passed away *?
What is the real name of Vivekananda?
Is Swami Vivekananda a scientist?
Is Vivekananda College Delhi girl or boy?
What is the age of Swami Vivekananda in 2023?
How did Vivekananda see God?
What was Swami Vivekananda's last words?
What happened to Vivekananda family?
Why did Swami Vivekananda wear a turban?
Which degree is Swami Vivekananda?
Which college did Vivekananda study?
In which university did Swami Vivekananda study?
When did Vivekananda meet?
How many years ago Swami Vivekananda died?
Is Swami Vivekananda see god?
How was the death of Vivekananda?
What happened to Vivekananda in Kanyakumari?
Who was the friend of Swami Vivekananda?
Which books did Vivekananda Ji wrote?
Who gave the name Swami Vivekananda?
Who was Swami Vivekananda first student?
Which is the birthplace of Swami Vivekananda?
When did Vivekananda go to America?
Was Vivekananda intelligent?
What Ambedkar said about Vivekananda?
What do we call Swami Vivekananda?
Which temple was built by Vivekananda?
Why Vivekananda went to Kanyakumari?
Which Kali temple was visited by Vivekananda in Kerala?
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Biography