Asteroids: The Small Solar System Bodies That Could Cause Extensive Damage

The solar system is a vast and fascinating place to explore. From the planets to the comets, there's always something new to learn and discover. One of the most interesting topics in the solar system is asteroids. These fragmentary rocks orbiting between Mars and Jupiter are also known as minor planets. However, along with comets, they are now referred to as small solar system bodies.

Asteroids come in different sizes and shapes. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union reclassified Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt, as a dwarf planet. This classification also included Pluto and Eris. To date, scientists have identified 217627 asteroids, but only 15361 of them have been named.

Large asteroids with a diameter of 1 km (0.62 mile) are rare but have the potential to cause extensive damage when they collide with Earth. According to experts, such an event occurs once every 500000 years. The impact of a collision could be catastrophic, including widespread destruction, tsunamis, and climate changes that could affect the entire planet. 

Fortunately, smaller asteroids with a diameter of 5-10 m (16-33 ft) enter the Earth's atmosphere frequently and do not pose a significant threat. Although they explode in the upper atmosphere, they still provide a stunning light show known as meteor showers. 

It's essential to study asteroids to understand their origins, composition, and potential impact on Earth. By analyzing their properties, scientists can determine how to deflect or destroy asteroids that might collide with our planet.

One way to deflect an asteroid is to use a technique called a gravity tractor. This method involves using the spacecraft's gravity to slowly pull the asteroid away from its collision course with Earth. Another method is to use a kinetic impactor, which involves slamming a spacecraft into the asteroid to change its trajectory. 

The study of asteroids is ongoing, and scientists continue to uncover new information about these fascinating objects. In the future, we may even be able to mine asteroids for valuable resources, such as water and minerals.